الأربعاء، 21 أكتوبر 2015
17 Again is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Burr Steers. The film follows 37-year-old Mike (Matthew Perry) who becomes a 17-year-old high school student (Zac Efron) after a chance accident. The film also features Leslie Mann, Thomas Lennon andMichelle Trachtenberg in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on April 17, 2009.
AVATAR
Avatar (marketed as James Cameron's Avatar) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are colonizing Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in theAlpha Centauri star system, in order to mine the mineral unobtanium, a room-temperature superconductor. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi – a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body with the mind of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora
By 2154, humans have depleted Earth's natural resources, leading to a severe energy crisis. The Resources Development Administration, RDA for short, mines for a valuable mineral – unobtanium – on Pandora, a densely forested habitable moon orbiting the gas giant Polyphemus in the Alpha Centauri star system.[10] Pandora, whose atmosphere is poisonous to humans, is inhabited by the Na'vi, 10-foot tall (3.0 m), blue-skinned, sapient humanoids[33] who live in harmony with nature and worship a mother goddess called Eywa.
To explore Pandora's biosphere, scientists use Na'vi-human hybrids called "avatars", operated by genetically matched humans; Jake Sully, a paraplegic former Marine, replaces his deceased twin brother as an operator of one. Dr. Grace Augustine, head of the Avatar Program, considers Sully an inadequate replacement but accepts his assignment as a bodyguard. While protecting the avatars of Grace and scientist Norm Spellman as they collect biological data, Jake's avatar is attacked by a thanator and flees into the forest, where he is rescued by Neytiri, a female Na'vi. Witnessing an auspicious sign, she takes him to her clan, whereupon Neytiri's mother Mo'at, the clan's spiritual leader, orders her daughter to initiate Jake into their society.
Colonel Miles Quaritch, head of RDA's private security force, promises Jake that the company will restore his legs if he gathers information about the Na'vi and the clan's gathering place, a giant tree called Hometree,[34] on grounds that it stands above the richest deposit of unobtanium in the area. When Grace learns of this, she transfers herself, Jake, and Norm to an outpost. Over three months, Jake grows to sympathize with the natives. After Jake is initiated into the tribe, he and Neytiri choose each other as mates, and soon afterward, Jake reveals his change of allegiance when he attempts to disable a bulldozer that threatens to destroy a sacred Na'vi site. When Quaritch shows a video recording of Jake's attack on the bulldozer to Administrator Parker Selfridge,[35] and another in which Jake admits that the Na'vi will never abandon Hometree, Selfridge orders Hometree destroyed.
Despite Grace's argument that destroying Hometree could damage the biological neural network native to Pandora, Selfridge gives Jake and Grace one hour to convince the Na'vi to evacuate before commencing the attack. While trying to warn the Na'vi, Jake confesses to being a spy and the Na'vi take him and Grace captive. Seeing this, Quaritch's men destroy Hometree, killing Neytiri's father (the clan chief) and many others. Mo'at frees Jake and Grace, but they are detached from their avatars and imprisoned by Quaritch's forces. Pilot Trudy Chacón, disgusted by Quaritch's brutality, carries them to Grace's outpost, but during the escape, Quaritch fires at them, hitting Grace.
To regain the Na'vi's trust, Jake connects his mind to that of Toruk, a dragon-like predator feared and honored by the Na'vi. Jake finds the refugees at the sacred Tree of Soulsand pleads with Mo'at to heal Grace. The clan attempts to transfer Grace from her human body into her avatar with the aid of the Tree of Souls, but she dies before the process can complete.
Supported by the new chief Tsu'tey, who acts as Jake's translator, Jake speaks to unite the clan and tells them to gather all of the clans to battle against the RDA. Noticing the impending gathering, Quaritch organizes a pre-emptive strike against the Tree of Souls, believing that its destruction will demoralize the natives. On the eve of battle, Jake prays to Eywa, via a neural connection to the Tree of Souls, to intercede on behalf of the Na'vi.
During the subsequent battle, the Na'vi suffer heavy casualties, including Tsu'tey and Trudy; but are rescued when Pandoran wildlife unexpectedly join the attack and overwhelm the humans, which Neytiri interprets as Eywa's answer to Jake's prayer. Then Jake destroys a makeshift bomber before it can reach the Tree of Souls; Quaritch escapes from his own damaged aircraft, wearing an AMP suit and breaks open the avatar link unit containing Jake's human body, exposing it to Pandora's poisonous atmosphere. Quaritch then prepares to slit the throat of Jake's avatar, but Neytiri kills Quaritch and saves Jake from suffocation.
With the exceptions of Jake, Norm, Max (another scientist), and a select few others, all humans are expelled from Pandora and sent back to Earth, after which Jake is transferred permanently into his avatar with the aid of the Tree of Souls.
Filming
Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington, New Zealand. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for the film. The live action was shot with a modified version of the proprietary digital 3-DFusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace. In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable. According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.
Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles. Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington, New Zealand, and was scheduled to last 31 days. More than a thousand people worked on the production. In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[89] Before shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.
During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale." Using conventional techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly. Cameron described the system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the elements".
Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson a chance to test the new technology. Spielberg said, "I like to think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only know when they're working in live theater. Spielberg and George Lucaswere also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.
To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.
Visual effects
A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during production. According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequately portray his vision of the film.[15][16]The director planned to make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up to December 2006.[91]
Innovations include a new system for lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[96] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[97] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[98] Besides the performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each performance.[99] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light between them
الجمعة، 16 أكتوبر 2015
SALT
Salt is a 2010 American action thriller spy film directed by Phillip Noyce, written by Kurt Wimmer, and starring Angelina Jolie, Liev Schreiber, Daniel Olbrychski, August Diehl and Chiwetel Ejiofor. Jolie plays Evelyn Salt, who is accused of being a Russian sleeper agent and goes on the run to try to clear her name.
Originally written with a male protagonist, with Tom Cruise initially secured for the lead, the script was ultimately rewritten by Brian Helgeland for Jolie. Filming took place on location in Washington, D.C., the New York City area, and Albany, New York, between March and June 2009, with reshoots in January 2010. Action scenes were primarily performed with practical stunts, computer-generated imagery being used mostly for creating digital environments.
The film had a panel at the San Diego Comic-Con on July 22 and was released in North America on July 23, 2010, and in the United Kingdom on August 18, 2010. Salt grossed $294 million at the worldwide box office and received generally positive reviews, with praise for the action scenes and Jolie's performance, but drawing criticism on the writing, with reviewers finding the plot implausible and convoluted. The DVD and Blu-ray Disc were released December 21, 2010, and featured two alternate cuts providing different endings for the film.
Development and writing
The early development of the script began while Kurt Wimmer was doing interviews promoting Equilibrium. In a November 2002 interview, he discussed what scripts he was working on. He stated that "I have several scripts – foremost of which is one called The Far-Reaching Philosophy of Edwin A. Salt – kind of a high-action spy thriller..." In another interview, Wimmer described the project as "very much about me and my wife". The plot incorporated many elements from Equilibrium, with an oppressive and paranoid political system of brainwashing that gets overthrown by one of its high-ranking members who rebels due to an emotional transformation. With the shortened title Edwin A. Salt, the script was sold to Columbia Pictures in January 2007. By July 2007, the script had attracted the attention of Tom Cruise.
Terry George was the first director to join the project, and he also did some revisions to the script, but he soon left the project. Peter Berg was the next director to consider, but he too, eventually dropped out for undisclosed reasons. A year later it was confirmed that Phillip Noyce would direct.[10] Noyce was attracted to Salt for its espionage themes, which are present in most of his filmography,[11] as well as the tension of a character that tries to prove his innocence yet also does what he was previously accused of.
Box office
Sony predicted an opening weekend take in the low-$30-million range, while commentators thought it would come in closer to $40 million and beat Inception for the number one spot at the box office. Salt opened in 3,612 theaters, with an opening day gross of US$12,532,333 – $3,470 per theater – and on its opening weekend, $36,011,243 – $9,970 per theater – behind only Inception, which made $42,725,012 in its second weekend. Salt also grossed $15 million from 19 minor international markets. On its second weekend, it declined in ticket sales by 45.9% making $19,471,355 – $5,391 per theater and placed number three behind Dinner for Schmucks, but by opening in 29 countries that same weekend, it grossed $25.4 million internationally. Salt ended up grossing $118,311,368 in the United States and Canada and $175,191,986 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $293,503,354.
Versions
Director Phillip Noyce has said that due to the extensive usage of flashbacks, "there was always going to be a mountain of alternative material that would not fit into the theatrical version. The film ended up having two extra versions, the Director's Cut and the Extended Cut – which Noyce refers to in his audio commentary as the film's original cut – both included on the DVD and Blu-ray Disc deluxe editions.
The Director's Cut was described by Noyce as "my own personal take on the material, free from the politics and restrictions of producers, studio or censorship ratings." Four minutes of film are added, leading to a running time of 104 minutes. More flashbacks are added, and the violence is amped up – for example Mike being drowned rather than shot to death. The ending is also different: in the bunker scene, Winter shoots the President instead of only knocking him unconscious, and a media report during the final scene reports that the new US President had been orphaned on a family visit to Russia, implying he is also a sleeper agent. Noyce has described this ending as "an ending yet just a beginning – and it's an ending that turns the whole story on its head".
The Extended Cut increases the running time by only one minute, but rewrites the plot by removing, rearranging and adding scenes. The ending has Salt escaping custody from the CIA and going to Russia, where she kills Orlov – his death scene at the barge does not appear in this cut – and destroys the facility where new child spies are being trained.
الاثنين، 12 أكتوبر 2015
TITANIC FILM
PRESENTATION
Titanic is an American drama film written, produced and directed by James Cameron, released in 1997 and emerged in 3D in 2012 for the centenary of naufrage.Il tells the story of two young passengers of the Titanic. One, Rose, is a first-class passenger who attempts suicide to free themselves from the constraints imposed by his entourage, and the second, Jack, is a vagabond board at the last minute in the third class to return to the US . They meet by chance at the Rose attempted suicide and live a turbulent love story quickly by the sinking of paquebot.Le part of the film, faithful recreation of the sinking, was developed with the help of two historians Don Lynch and Ken Marschall. The shoot required the construction of a model of quasi-size ship, expeditions to the wreck and many special effects, including digital. The film led to a noticeable revival of interest in the real Titanic which resulted in the publication or republication of numerous books on the subject.The film is the second most successful film history after Avatar (also directed by James Cameron) and equaled the record of eleven Oscars in 1998, including Best Film and Best Director. In France, the film will have accumulated a total of nearly 22 million viewers with the times (20.7 million tickets in its first release in January 1998), placing the head of the French movie box office of all temps.La the 3D version of Titanic's release in theaters April 4, 2012 to pay tribute to the Titanic on the occasion of its centenary.
HISTORIC CHARACTERS
Kathy Bates (VF: Monique Thierry and VQ: Claudine Chatel): called Margaret "Molly" Brown
Victor Garber (VF: Gabriel Le Doze and VQ: Bernard Fortin): Thomas Andrews, the architect of the Titanic
Bernard Hill (VF: Georges Berthomieu and VQ: Yves Massicotte): Commander Edward John Smith
Jonathan Hyde (VF: Pierre Dourlens and VQ: Vincent Davy): J. Bruce Ismay
Mark Lindsay Chapman (VF Ludovic Baugin and VQ: Denis Roy): the second in command Wilde
Ewan Stewart (VF: François Dunoyer and VQ: Mario Desmarais): 1st Officer Murdoch
Jonathan Phillips (VF: Thierry Wermuth and VQ: Pierre Auger): 2nd Officer Lightoller
Kevin De la Noy: 3rd Officer Herbert Pitman (uncredited)
Simon Crane: 4th officer Boxhall
Ioan Gruffudd (VF: William Coryn and VQ: James Hyndman): 5th officer Lowe
Edward Fletcher: 6th officer Moody
Eric Braeden (VF: Hervé Bellon and VQ: Luis de Cespedes): John Jacob Astor IV
Charlotte Chatton: Madeleine Astor
Bernard FoxNote 2 (VF: Yves Barsacq and VQ: Jean Brousseau): Colonel Archibald Gracie
Michael Ensign (VQ: Hubert Fielden): Benjamin Guggenheim
Chris Cragnotti: Jack Victor Giglio
Rochelle Rose: Countess of RothesLew Palter: Isidor StrausElsa Raven: Ida StrausMartin Jarvis: Cosmo Edmund Duff GordonRosalind Ayres: Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon
Jonathan Evans-Jones (VS: Jean-Luc Montminy): violinist Wallace Hartley
I salonisti: Titanic Orchestra
James Lancaster (VF: Philippe Peythieu and VQ: Jean-Marie Moncelet): Father Thomas Byles
Gregory Cooke: Jack Phillips
Craig Kelly: Harold Bride
Liam Tuohy: Charles Joughin
Terry Forrestal: the chief engineer Joseph Bell
Paul Brightwell: Quartermaster Robert Hichens
Richard Graham: Quartermaster George Rowe
Scott G. Anderson: porter Frederick Fleet
Martin East: porter Reginald Lee
Ron Donachie: Coxswain
Richard Ashton: Charpentier John Hutchinson
Derek Lea: Fred Barrett heating Head
Marc Cass: Steward carried away by water
Paul Herbert: Steward carried away by water
Brendan Connolly: Scotland Road steward
Mark Capri Steward hit the nose
Sean Nepita: elevator Steward
Chrystopher Byrne: Porter
Garth Wilton: Server offering caviar Jack Oliver Page, James Fox and Richard Emmett: 1st class cabin Steward
Kevin Owers and Nick Meaney: 3rd class Stewards
الأحد، 4 أكتوبر 2015
FAST AND FURIOUS 7 ACTION FILM 2015
Is a
2015 Americanaction film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan. It is the seventh
installment in the Fast and the Furious franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Kurt Russell, and Jason Statham. Furious
7 follows Dominic Toretto
(Diesel), Brian O'Conner (Walker) and the rest of their team, who have returned
to the United States to live normal lives
after securing amnesty for their past crimes in Fast & Furious 6 (2013), until Deckard Shaw (Statham), a rogue special forces
assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother, puts them in danger
once again.
Development
On October
21, 2011, the Los Angeles Times reported That Universal
Studios was considering filming two
sequels—Fast
Six and Fast Seven—back-to-back with a single storyline running
through both films. Both would be written by Chris
Morgan and directed by Justin Lin, who had been the franchise's writer and director, respectively, since The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006). On December 20,
2011, following the release of Fast Five, Vin Diesel stated that Fast
Six would be split into two
parts, with writing for the two films occurring simultaneously. On the
decision, Diesel said: « We
have to pay off this story, we have to service all of these character
relationships, and when we started mapping all that out it just went beyond 110
pages ... The studio said, 'You can't fit all that story in one damn
movie! »
Box-office
As of July
14, 2015, Furious 7 has grossed $351 million in North America
and $1.16 billion in other territories for a worldwide total of $1.511 billion,
against its $190 million budget.[6] Worldwide, it is the fifth highest-grossing film of all time,[88] the second
highest-grossing film of 2015 (behind
Universal's own Jurassic World), the highest-grossing
film in The Fast and the Furious franchise and is
the second highest-grossing Universal Pictures film. It was also the
fastest film to reach the $1 billion mark, doing so in 17 days (breaking the
record previously set by The Avengers, Avatar and Harry Potter and the Deathly
Hallows – Part 2, all 19 days); however that record
was broken two months later by Jurassic World, which accomplished
the feat in 13 days. It is also the 20th film to gross over $1 billion. It
also became the first (and only) film to pass 1 million in 4DXadmissions
worldwide.
Worldwide, Furious
7 was released across 810 IMAX theaters, which is the largest
worldwide rollout for any movie in IMAX's history.] Its worldwide opening of $397.6 million is thethird-highest opening of all time. The film had an IMAX opening weekend total of $20.8 million. Furious
7 also became the first film distributed by Universal
Pictures to earn more than $1 billion in its original run and
the second overall (following Jurassic Park).
Critical response
Furious 7 received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising the film's
action sequences and its poignant tribute to Walker. The review
aggregator website Rotten Tomatoesreported
an 81% approval rating, based on 210 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10.
The site's consensus reads, "Serving up a fresh round of over-the-top
thrills while adding unexpected dramatic heft, Furious 7 keeps
the franchise moving in more ways than one." On Metacritic,
which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 67 out of 100, based
on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend,
cinema audiences gave Furious 7 an average grade of
"A" on an A+ to F scale.
The film
received highly positive reviews upon release at a secret screening at the 2015
SXSW Film Festival on March 16, 2015. Ramin Setoodeh
of Variety noted that fans started lining
up outside four hours before the film was scheduled to start. The film closed
with a tribute to Walker, which left many in the theater "holding back
tears". Critic Dave Palmer gave the film 7/10, saying, "Furious
7 is the type of movie Michael Bay has spent his entire career trying
to make: filled with shots of scantily clad women, fast cars, and clever one
liners".
A.O. Scott of The
New York Times gave the film two and a half stars
out of five and said, "Furious 7 extends its predecessors’
inclusive, stereotype-resistant ethic. Compared to almost any other
large-scale, big-studio enterprise, the Furious brand
practices a slick, no-big-deal multiculturalism, and nods to both feminism and
domestic traditionalism.
Fast & Furious 7 is not a great film. Its final action sequence is overlong,
story lines are badly cut together, the masking of the absent Walker is at
times painfully obvious and some of the performances, like smooth-talking but
dimwitted Roman (Tyrese Gibson) or the awkward blond agent Elena (Elsa
Pataky), are caricatures that belong in a film with a Roman numeral “VII”
attached to it.
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السبت، 3 أكتوبر 2015
VAN DIESEL
.HIS LIFE
Mark Vincent is raised by an astrologer mother and adoptive father,
teacher and theater director. He has a twin brother. It has Italian
ancestors, African-American and French. He rides for the first time on stage
at the age of seven at Theater for the New City in New York's Greenwich
Village. While continuing the theater with the troops of his father and then
on Broadway, he studied English and writing. His physical (1 m 83 94 kg) allows
him to be hired as a bouncer in some institutions of upscale neighborhoods of
New York.
.HIS CARRIER
Failing to get movie roles, he decided in 1994 to write, produce,
interpret, finance and realize his first short film Multi-Facial. The film is
presented at the Cannes Festival 1995. He did not win prices, but has been
extremely successful in the room. It is included in 2000 compilation video
Short Diversity 5.
In 1997 he presents his first feature, Strays at the Sundance Film Festival. It is from this point that his career took off film actor Steven Spielberg written especially for him the role of Adrian Caparzo in Saving Private Ryan. Film that will get eleven Oscar nominations for five awards. In 1999, he doubles the voice of Iron Giant in the eponymous cartoon drawing of Brad Bird. The following year, it is showing in two independent films: Initiates, awarded at the Deauville festival in 2000, and Pitch Black, where he plays the character of Richard Riddick, a dangerous criminal. He takes this role in 2003 in The Chronicles of Riddick, the sequel to Pitch Black Riddick then in 2013, the third in the series. In 2001, he won worldwide fame with Fast and Furious which reported $ 144.5 million in US box office and 208 million worldwide. He then enters the list of American actors "bankable". He continued his career in equity xXx movies released in 2002 and tries to polar in A Man Apart. In 2005, the actor decides to change style with The Pacifier, a mainstream comedy produced by Walt Disney Pictures in which he plays a nanny, a film that was a huge success in the United States and the police comedy Try Me guilty where he plays Giacomo "Jackie" DiNorscio. It is a failure at the box office despite an interpretation hailed by international critics who proves his acting talent. Back in action films, he makes a very brief appearance in The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift and returns especially with Babylon AD controversial fiction film by Mathieu Kassovitz where he plays Toorop. The huge success of Fast and Furious 4 (generating the input record for this time of the year 2009 in the United States) to turn pushes the Fast and Furious 5 becomes in a few weeks the biggest hit of the series. On August 25, 2013, he inaugurated his star on the Walk of Fame on Hollywood Boulevard1. In 2014, he lent his voice to Groot, in the film Guardians of the Galaxy. He then explained that this experience has brought him a lot after the death of his friend Paul Walker, with whom he toured the saga Fast and Furious2. Although he did say that the words "I am Groot," he recorded a hundred times this sentence. Moreover, Vin Diesel makes himself dubbing in French Groot ("My name Groot"), Mandarin Chinese ("Wo shì Groot"), Russian, Spanish ("Yo soy Groot") and Portuguese (" Eu sou Groot ") 2,3,4. In April 2015, Vin Diesel reprises his role as Dominic Toretto in Fast and Furious 7. The film became one of the biggest hits of the global box office. http://adf.ly/1PB00V |
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